Model for tracking the evolution of a dispersed phase size distribution due to coalescence (synonymous with coagulation, aggregation, agglomeration) and breakup events as well as density or phase changes. Provides an approximate solution of the population balance equation by means of a class method. The underlying theory is described in the article of Lehnigk et al. (2021). More...

Inheritance diagram for populationBalanceModel:

[legend]

Collaboration diagram for populationBalanceModel:

[legend]

Classes
class	groups
	Class to accumulate population balance sub-class pointers. More...

class	iNew
	Return a pointer to a new populationBalanceModel object created on. More...

Public Types
typedef HashPtrTable< volScalarField::Internal, phaseInterfaceKey, phaseInterfaceKey::hash >	dmdtfTable
	Table of interfacial mass transfer rates. More...

Public Types inherited from IOobject
enum	objectState { GOOD , BAD }
	Enumeration defining the valid states of an IOobject. More...

enum	readOption { MUST_READ , MUST_READ_IF_MODIFIED , READ_IF_PRESENT , NO_READ }
	Enumeration defining the read options. More...

enum	writeOption { AUTO_WRITE = 0 , NO_WRITE = 1 }
	Enumeration defining the write options. More...

enum	fileCheckTypes { timeStamp , timeStampMaster , inotify , inotifyMaster }
	Enumeration defining the file checking options. More...

Public Member Functions
	TypeName ("populationBalanceModel")
	Runtime type information. More...

	populationBalanceModel (const phaseSystem &fluid, const word &name)
	Construct for a fluid. More...

autoPtr< populationBalanceModel >	clone () const
	Return clone. More...

virtual	~populationBalanceModel ()
	Destructor. More...

bool	writeData (Ostream &) const
	Dummy write for regIOobject. More...

const phaseSystem &	fluid () const
	Return reference to the phaseSystem. More...

const dmdtfTable &	dmdtfs () const
	Return reference to the coalescence and breakup interfacial mass. More...

const dmdtfTable &	expansionDmdtfs () const
	Return reference to the expansion interfacial mass transfer rates. More...

const dmdtfTable &	modelSourceDmdtfs () const
	Return reference to the model source interfacial mass transfer rates. More...

const fvMesh &	mesh () const
	Return reference to the mesh. More...

const dictionary &	solverDict () const
	Return solution settings dictionary for this populationBalance. More...

bool	solveOnFinalIterOnly () const
	Solve on final pimple iteration only. More...

const phaseModel &	continuousPhase () const
	Return continuous phase. More...

const UPtrList< sizeGroup > &	sizeGroups () const
	Return the size groups belonging to this populationBalance. More...

UPtrList< sizeGroup > &	sizeGroups ()
	Access the size groups belonging to this populationBalance. More...

const List< labelPair > &	coalescencePairs () const
	Return coalescence relevant size group pairs. More...

const List< labelPair > &	binaryBreakupPairs () const
	Return binary breakup relevant size group pairs. More...

const volScalarField &	alphas () const
	Return total void of phases belonging to this populationBalance. More...

const volVectorField &	U () const
	Return average velocity. More...

dimensionedScalar	eta (const label i, const dimensionedScalar &v) const
	Return the number allocation coefficient for a single volume. More...

tmp< volScalarField::Internal >	eta (const label i, const volScalarField::Internal &v) const
	Return the number allocation coefficient for a field of volumes. More...

dimensionedScalar	etaV (const label i, const dimensionedScalar &v) const
	Return the volume allocation coefficient for a single volume. More...

tmp< volScalarField::Internal >	etaV (const label i, const volScalarField::Internal &v) const
	Return the volume allocation coefficient for a field of volumes. More...

dimensionedScalar	etaV (const labelPair is, const distribution &d) const
	Return the volume allocation coefficient for a given distribution. More...

dimensionedScalar	etaV (const label i, const distribution &d) const
	Return the volume allocation coefficient for a given distribution. More...

const tmp< volScalarField >	sigmaWithContinuousPhase (const phaseModel &dispersedPhase) const
	Return the surface tension coefficient between a given dispersed. More...

const phaseCompressibleMomentumTransportModel &	continuousTurbulence () const
	Return reference to momentumTransport model of the continuous phase. More...

tmp< volScalarField::Internal >	Sp (const label i) const
	Return the implicit coalescence and breakup source term. More...

tmp< volScalarField::Internal >	expansionSu (const label i, const UPtrList< const volScalarField > &flds=UPtrList< const volScalarField >()) const
	Return the explicit expansion source term. More...

tmp< volScalarField::Internal >	expansionSp (const label i) const
	Return the implicit expansion source term. More...

tmp< volScalarField::Internal >	modelSourceSu (const label i, const UPtrList< const volScalarField > &flds=UPtrList< const volScalarField >()) const
	Return the explicit model source source term. More...

void	solve ()
	Solve the population balance equation. More...

void	correct ()
	Correct derived quantities. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from regIOobject
	TypeName ("regIOobject")
	Runtime type information. More...

	regIOobject (const IOobject &, const bool isTime=false)
	Construct from IOobject. Optional flag for if IOobject is the. More...

	regIOobject (const regIOobject &)
	Copy constructor. More...

	regIOobject (regIOobject &&)
	Move constructor. More...

	regIOobject (const regIOobject &, bool registerCopy)
	Copy constructor, transferring registry registration to copy. More...

	regIOobject (const word &newName, const regIOobject &, bool registerCopy)
	Copy constructor with new name, transferring registry registration. More...

	regIOobject (const IOobject &, const regIOobject &)
	Copy constructor with new IO parameters. More...

virtual	~regIOobject ()
	Destructor. More...

virtual bool	global () const
	Return true if object is global, i.e. same for all processors. More...

virtual bool	globalFile () const
	Return true if object is global, i.e. same for all processors. More...

const fileName &	caseName () const

fileName	path () const
	Return complete path. More...

fileName	objectPath () const
	Return complete path + object name. More...

fileName	filePath () const
	Return complete path + object name if the file exists. More...

bool	checkIn ()
	Add object to registry. More...

bool	checkOut ()
	Remove object from registry. More...

void	addWatch ()
	Add file watch on object (if registered and READ_IF_MODIFIED) More...

bool	registered () const
	Is this object registered with the registry? More...

bool	ownedByRegistry () const
	Is this object owned by the registry? More...

void	store ()
	Transfer ownership of this object to its registry. More...

void	release ()
	Release ownership of this object from its registry. More...

label	eventNo () const
	Event number at last update. More...

label &	eventNo ()
	Event number at last update. More...

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &) const
	Return true if up-to-date with respect to given object. More...

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &) const
	Return true if up-to-date with respect to given objects. More...

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &) const
	Return true if up-to-date with respect to given objects. More...

bool	upToDate (const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &, const regIOobject &) const
	Return true if up-to-date with respect to given objects. More...

void	setUpToDate ()
	Set up to date (obviously) More...

virtual void	rename (const word &newName)
	Rename. More...

bool	headerOk ()
	Read and check header info. More...

Istream &	readStream (const word &, const bool read=true)
	Return Istream and check object type against that given. More...

void	close ()
	Close Istream. More...

virtual bool	readData (Istream &)
	Virtual readData function. More...

virtual bool	read ()
	Read object. More...

const labelList &	watchIndices () const
	Return file-monitoring handles. More...

labelList &	watchIndices ()
	Return file-monitoring handles. More...

virtual bool	modified () const
	Return true if the object's file (or files for objectRegistry) More...

virtual bool	dependenciesModified () const
	Return true if the object's dependencies have been modified. More...

virtual bool	readIfModified ()
	Read object if modified (as set by call to modified) More...

virtual bool	writeObject (IOstream::streamFormat, IOstream::versionNumber, IOstream::compressionType, const bool write) const
	Write using given format, version and compression. More...

virtual bool	write (const bool write=true) const
	Write using setting from DB. More...

void	operator= (const IOobject &)=delete
	Assign to IOobject. More...

void	operator= (const regIOobject &)=delete
	Disallow default assignment. More...

const fileName &	caseName (const bool global) const

fileName	path (const bool global) const
	Return complete path including the processor sub-directory. More...

fileName	objectPath (const bool global) const
	Return complete path + object name including the processor. More...

fileName	filePath (const bool global) const
	Return complete path + object name if the file exists. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from IOobject
	TypeName ("IOobject")
	Runtime type information. More...

	IOobject (const word &name, const fileName &instance, const objectRegistry &registry, readOption r=NO_READ, writeOption w=NO_WRITE, bool registerObject=true)
	Construct from name, instance, registry, io options. More...

	IOobject (const word &name, const fileName &instance, const fileName &local, const objectRegistry &registry, readOption r=NO_READ, writeOption w=NO_WRITE, bool registerObject=true)
	Construct from name, instance, local, registry, io options. More...

	IOobject (const fileName &path, const objectRegistry &registry, readOption r=NO_READ, writeOption w=NO_WRITE, bool registerObject=true)
	Construct from path, registry, io options. More...

	IOobject (const IOobject &io, const objectRegistry &registry)
	Construct from copy resetting registry. More...

	IOobject (const IOobject &io, const word &name)
	Construct from copy resetting name. More...

	IOobject (const IOobject &io)=default
	Copy constructor. More...

autoPtr< IOobject >	clone () const
	Clone. More...

autoPtr< IOobject >	clone (const objectRegistry &registry) const
	Clone resetting registry. More...

virtual	~IOobject ()
	Destructor. More...

const Time &	time () const
	Return time. More...

const objectRegistry &	db () const
	Return the local objectRegistry. More...

const word &	name () const
	Return name. More...

const word &	headerClassName () const
	Return name of the class name read from header. More...

word &	headerClassName ()
	Return name of the class name read from header. More...

string &	note ()
	Return non-constant access to the optional note. More...

const string &	note () const
	Return the optional note. More...

bool &	registerObject ()
	Register object created from this IOobject with registry if true. More...

bool	registerObject () const
	Register object created from this IOobject with registry if true. More...

readOption	readOpt () const

readOption &	readOpt ()

writeOption	writeOpt () const

writeOption &	writeOpt ()

word	group () const
	Return group (extension part of name) More...

word	member () const
	Return member (name without the extension) More...

const fileName &	rootPath () const

const fileName &	caseName (const bool global) const

fileName &	instance () const
	Return the instance directory, constant, system, <time> etc. More...

void	updateInstance () const
	If the instance is a time directory update to the current time. More...

void	updateTimeInstance () const
	Update instance to the current time. More...

const fileName &	local () const

fileName	path (const bool global) const
	Return complete path including the processor sub-directory. More...

fileName	objectPath (const bool global) const
	Return complete path + object name including the processor. More...

fileName	relativePath () const
	Return the path relative to the case directory. More...

fileName	relativeObjectPath () const
	Return complete relativePath + object name. More...

fileName	filePath (const bool global) const
	Return complete path + object name if the file exists. More...

bool	readHeader (Istream &)
	Read header. More...

bool	headerOk ()
	Read header of local object without type-checking. More...

template<class Type >
void	warnNoRereading () const
	Helper: warn that type does not support re-reading. More...

bool	writeHeader (Ostream &) const
	Write header. More...

bool	writeHeader (Ostream &, const word &objectType) const
	Write header. Allow override of type. More...

bool	good () const

bool	bad () const

InfoProxy< IOobject >	info () const
	Return info proxy. More...

void	operator= (const IOobject &)

template<class Name >
Foam::word	groupName (Name name, const word &group)

Additional Inherited Members
Static Public Member Functions inherited from regIOobject
template<class Type >
static Type &	store (Type *)
	Transfer ownership of the given object pointer to its registry. More...

template<class Type >
static Type &	store (autoPtr< Type > &)
	Transfer ownership of the given object pointer to its registry. More...

Static Public Member Functions inherited from IOobject
static bool	fileNameComponents (const fileName &path, fileName &instance, fileName &local, word &name)
	Split path into instance, local, name components. More...

template<class Name >
static word	groupName (Name name, const word &group)

static word	group (const word &name)
	Return group (extension part of name) More...

static word	member (const word &name)
	Return member (name without the extension) More...

template<class Stream >
static Stream &	writeBanner (Stream &os, bool noHint=false)
	Write the standard OpenFOAM file/dictionary banner. More...

template<class Stream >
static Stream &	writeDivider (Stream &os)
	Write the standard file section divider. More...

template<class Stream >
static Stream &	writeEndDivider (Stream &os)
	Write the standard end file divider. More...

Static Public Attributes inherited from regIOobject
static float	fileModificationSkew

Static Public Attributes inherited from IOobject
static constexpr const char *	foamFile = "FoamFile"
	Keyword for the FoamFile header sub-dictionary. More...

static const NamedEnum< fileCheckTypes, 4 >	fileCheckTypesNames

static fileCheckTypes	fileModificationChecking
	Type of file modification checking. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from regIOobject
bool	readHeaderOk (const IOstream::streamFormat defaultFormat, const word &typeName)
	Read header, check readOpt flags and read data if necessary. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from IOobject
template<class Type >
bool	typeHeaderOk (const bool checkType)
	Read header using typeGlobalFile to find file. More...

Detailed Description

Model for tracking the evolution of a dispersed phase size distribution due to coalescence (synonymous with coagulation, aggregation, agglomeration) and breakup events as well as density or phase changes. Provides an approximate solution of the population balance equation by means of a class method. The underlying theory is described in the article of Lehnigk et al. (2021).

The size distribution, expressed through a volume-based number density function, is discretised using the fixot pivot technique of Kumar and Ramkrishna (1996). Thereby, the population balance equation is transformed into a series of transport equations for the particle (bubble, droplet) number concentrations in separate size classes that are coupled through their source terms. The discretisation is based on representative particle volumes, which are provided by the user through the corresponding sphere equivalent diameters.

Since the representative volumes are fixed a priori and the total dispersed phase volume already available from solving the phase continuity equation, the model only determines the evolution of the individual size class fractions

$f_{i,\varphi} = \frac{\alpha_{i,\varphi}}{\alpha_{\varphi}}\,,$

where $\alpha_{i,\varphi}$ is the volume fraction of the size class and $\alpha_{\varphi}$ the total phase fraction of phase $\varphi$ .

The source terms are formulated such that the first and second moment of the distribution, i.e. the total particle number and volume, are conserved irrespective of the discretisation of the size domain. The treatment of particle breakup depends on the selected breakup submodels. For models which provide a total breakup frequency and a separate daughter size distribution function, the formulation provided Kumar and Ramkrishna (1996) is utilised, which is applicable both for binary and multiple breakup events. Currently, only field-independent daughter size distribution models are allowed. In case of binary breakup models that provide the breakup frequency between a size class pair directly, the formulation of Liao et al. (2018) is adopted, which is computationally more efficient compared to first extracting the field-dependent daughter size distribution and then consuming it in the formulation of Kumar and Ramkrishna. The source terms describing a drift of the size distribution through particle growth or shrinkage are derived using upwind differencing, thus ensuring conservation of the total particle number and volume. Note that due to the volume-based implementation, both density as well as phase change lead to a drift of the size distribution function. Further, users can specify multiple submodels for each mechanism, whose contributions are added up.

The model also allows to distribute the size classes over multiple representative phases with identical physical properties that collectively define the dispersed phase. Thereby, size class fields can be transported with different velocity fields in order to account for the size dependency of the particle motion. A possible mass transfer between representative phases by means of coalescence, breakup and drift is taken into account. Similarly, the spatial evolution of secondary particle properties such as the particle surface area can be tracked.

The key variable during a simulation is the Sauter diameter, which is computed from the size class fractions of the corresponding phase. The underlying size distribution can be extracted from the simulation using the functionObject 'sizeDistribution'. Integral and mean properties of a size distribution can be computed with the functionObject 'moments'.

Verification cases for the population balance modelling functionality are provided in test/multiphaseEuler/populationBalance.

References:

    Lehnigk, R., Bainbridge, W., Liao, Y., Lucas, D., Niemi, T.,
    Peltola, J., & Schlegel, F. (2021).
    An open‐source population balance modeling framework for the simulation
    of polydisperse multiphase flows.
    AIChE Journal, 68(3), e17539.

    Coalescence and breakup term formulation:
    Kumar, S., & Ramkrishna, D. (1996).
    On the solution of population balance equations by discretization-I. A
    fixed pivot technique.
    Chemical Engineering Science, 51(8), 1311-1332.

    Binary breakup term formulation:
    Liao, Y., Oertel, R., Kriebitzsch, S., Schlegel, F., & Lucas, D. (2018).
    A discrete population balance equation for binary breakage.
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 87(4), 202-215.

Usage

Excerpt from an exemplary phaseProperties dictionary:

populationBalances (bubbles);

air
{
    type            pureIsothermalPhaseModel;

    diameterModel   velocityGroup;

    velocityGroupCoeffs
    {
        populationBalance    bubbles;

        shapeModel           spherical;

        sizeGroups
        (
            f1 { dSph 1e-3; }
            f2 { dSph 2e-3; }
            f3 { dSph 3e-3; }
            f4 { dSph 4e-3; }
            f5 { dSph 5e-3; }
            ...
        );
    }

    residualAlpha   1e-6;
}

...

populationBalanceCoeffs
{
    bubbles
    {
        continuousPhase water;

        coalescenceModels
        (
            LehrMilliesMewes{}
        );

        binaryBreakupModels
        (
            LehrMilliesMewes{}
        );

        breakupModels
        ();
    }
}

See also: Foam::PopulationBalancePhaseSystem Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup Foam::diameterModels::velocityGroup Foam::diameterModels::SecondaryPropertyModel Foam::diameterModels::coalescenceModel Foam::diameterModels::breakupModel Foam::diameterModels::daughterSizeDistributionModel Foam::diameterModels::binaryBreakupModel Foam::functionObjects::sizeDistribution Foam::functionObjects::moments

Source files

Definition at line 215 of file populationBalanceModel.H.

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ dmdtfTable

typedef HashPtrTable< volScalarField::Internal, phaseInterfaceKey, phaseInterfaceKey::hash > dmdtfTable

Table of interfacial mass transfer rates.

Definition at line 231 of file populationBalanceModel.H.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ populationBalanceModel()

populationBalanceModel	(	const phaseSystem &	fluid,
		const word &	name
	)

Construct for a fluid.

Definition at line 674 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References populationBalanceModel::correct(), Foam::dimDensity, Foam::dimTime, Foam::dimVolume, Foam::exit(), Foam::FatalError, FatalErrorInFunction, forAll, forAllConstIter, HashTable< T, Key, Hash >::found(), IOobject::groupName(), HashTable< T, Key, Hash >::insert(), Foam::inv(), Foam::mag(), populationBalanceModel::mesh(), phaseInterface::name(), IOobject::name(), dimensioned< Type >::name(), Foam::name(), diameterModel::phase(), populationBalanceModel::groups::retrieve(), populationBalanceModel::sizeGroups(), fvMesh::time(), IOobject::time(), Foam::typedName(), dimensioned< Type >::value(), sizeGroup::x(), x, and Foam::Zero.

Referenced by populationBalanceModel::iNew::operator()().

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◆ ~populationBalanceModel()

~populationBalanceModel ( )

virtual

Destructor.

Definition at line 1013 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

TypeName ( "populationBalanceModel" )

Runtime type information.

◆ clone()

Foam::autoPtr< Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel > clone ( ) const

Return clone.

Definition at line 1020 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References notImplemented.

◆ writeData()

bool writeData ( Ostream & os ) const

virtual

Dummy write for regIOobject.

Implements regIOobject.

Definition at line 1027 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References IOstream::good().

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◆ fluid()

const Foam::phaseSystem & fluid ( ) const

inline

Return reference to the phaseSystem.

Definition at line 42 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

Referenced by fractal::correct(), velocityGroup::correct(), and populationBalanceModel::groups::retrieve().

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◆ dmdtfs()

const Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::dmdtfTable & dmdtfs ( ) const

inline

Return reference to the coalescence and breakup interfacial mass.

transfer rates

Definition at line 49 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ expansionDmdtfs()

const Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::dmdtfTable & expansionDmdtfs ( ) const

inline

Return reference to the expansion interfacial mass transfer rates.

Definition at line 56 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ modelSourceDmdtfs()

const Foam::diameterModels::populationBalanceModel::dmdtfTable & modelSourceDmdtfs ( ) const

inline

Return reference to the model source interfacial mass transfer rates.

Definition at line 63 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ mesh()

const Foam::fvMesh & mesh ( ) const

inline

Return reference to the mesh.

Definition at line 70 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

Referenced by velocityGroup::popBal(), populationBalanceModel::populationBalanceModel(), and PrinceBlanch::PrinceBlanch().

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◆ solverDict()

const Foam::dictionary & solverDict ( ) const

inline

Return solution settings dictionary for this populationBalance.

Definition at line 77 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

Referenced by velocityGroup::correct().

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◆ solveOnFinalIterOnly()

bool solveOnFinalIterOnly ( ) const

inline

Solve on final pimple iteration only.

Definition at line 84 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

Referenced by velocityGroup::correct().

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◆ continuousPhase()

const Foam::phaseModel & continuousPhase ( ) const

inline

Return continuous phase.

Definition at line 91 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ sizeGroups() [1/2]

const Foam::UPtrList< Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup > & sizeGroups ( ) const

inline

Return the size groups belonging to this populationBalance.

Definition at line 98 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

Referenced by fractal::correct(), populationBalanceMoments::execute(), growthSizeGroupFvScalarFieldSource::internalCoeff(), KochFriedlanderSintering::KochFriedlanderSintering(), populationBalanceModel::populationBalanceModel(), growthSecondaryPropertyFvScalarFieldSource::sourceCoeffs(), growthSizeGroupFvScalarFieldSource::sourceCoeffs(), populationBalanceSetSizeDistribution::write(), and populationBalanceSizeDistribution::write().

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◆ sizeGroups() [2/2]

Foam::UPtrList< Foam::diameterModels::sizeGroup > & sizeGroups ( )

inline

Access the size groups belonging to this populationBalance.

Definition at line 105 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ coalescencePairs()

const Foam::List< Foam::Pair< Foam::label > > & coalescencePairs ( ) const

inline

Return coalescence relevant size group pairs.

Definition at line 112 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ binaryBreakupPairs()

const Foam::List< Foam::Pair< Foam::label > > & binaryBreakupPairs ( ) const

inline

Return binary breakup relevant size group pairs.

Definition at line 119 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ alphas()

const Foam::volScalarField & alphas ( ) const

inline

Return total void of phases belonging to this populationBalance.

Definition at line 126 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ U()

const Foam::volVectorField & U ( ) const

inline

Return average velocity.

Definition at line 140 of file populationBalanceModelI.H.

◆ eta() [1/2]

Foam::dimensionedScalar eta	(	const label	i,
		const dimensionedScalar &	v
	)		const

Return the number allocation coefficient for a single volume.

Definition at line 1033 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Foam::dimless, Pair< Type >::first(), Foam::max(), Foam::min(), and Pair< Type >::second().

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◆ eta() [2/2]

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField::Internal > eta	(	const label	i,
		const volScalarField::Internal &	v
	)		const

Return the number allocation coefficient for a field of volumes.

Definition at line 1056 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Foam::dimless, Pair< Type >::first(), Foam::max(), Foam::min(), and Pair< Type >::second().

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◆ etaV() [1/4]

Foam::dimensionedScalar etaV	(	const label	i,
		const dimensionedScalar &	v
	)		const

Return the volume allocation coefficient for a single volume.

Definition at line 1078 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Foam::dimless, Pair< Type >::first(), Foam::max(), Foam::min(), and Pair< Type >::second().

Referenced by nucleationSizeGroupFvScalarFieldSource::sourceValue(), distributionSizeGroupFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs(), and populationBalanceSetSizeDistribution::write().

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◆ etaV() [2/4]

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField::Internal > etaV	(	const label	i,
		const volScalarField::Internal &	v
	)		const

Return the volume allocation coefficient for a field of volumes.

Definition at line 1101 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Foam::dimless, Pair< Type >::first(), Foam::max(), Foam::min(), and Pair< Type >::second().

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◆ etaV() [3/4]

Foam::dimensionedScalar etaV	(	const labelPair	is,
		const distribution &	d
	)		const

Return the volume allocation coefficient for a given distribution.

of diameters over a range of size-groups. The diameter distribution should be volumetrically sampled (i.e., sampleQ should equal 3).

Definition at line 1123 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Foam::exit(), Foam::FatalError, FatalErrorInFunction, Pair< Type >::first(), distribution::integralPDFxPow(), distribution::max(), distribution::min(), Foam::constant::mathematical::pi(), distribution::sampleQ(), and Pair< Type >::second().

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◆ etaV() [4/4]

Foam::dimensionedScalar etaV	(	const label	i,
		const distribution &	d
	)		const

Return the volume allocation coefficient for a given distribution.

of diameters. The diameter distribution should be volumetrically sampled (i.e., sampleQ should equal 3). The result is normalised with respect to the volume allocation coefficient for the phase.

Definition at line 1222 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Foam::dimless, UPtrList< T >::first(), sizeGroup::group(), UPtrList< T >::last(), Foam::max(), UPtrList< T >::size(), and velocityGroup::sizeGroups().

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◆ sigmaWithContinuousPhase()

const Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField > sigmaWithContinuousPhase ( const phaseModel & dispersedPhase ) const

Return the surface tension coefficient between a given dispersed.

and the continuous phase

Definition at line 1251 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References phaseInterface::sigma().

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◆ continuousTurbulence()

const Foam::phaseCompressible::momentumTransportModel & continuousTurbulence ( ) const

Return reference to momentumTransport model of the continuous phase.

Definition at line 1261 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

◆ Sp()

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField::Internal > Sp ( const label i ) const

Return the implicit coalescence and breakup source term.

Definition at line 1272 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

Referenced by fractal::correct().

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◆ expansionSu()

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField::Internal > expansionSu	(	const label	i,
		const UPtrList< const volScalarField > &	flds = `UPtrList<const volScalarField>()`
	)		const

Return the explicit expansion source term.

Definition at line 1279 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Pair< Type >::first(), and Pair< Type >::second().

Referenced by fractal::correct().

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◆ expansionSp()

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField::Internal > expansionSp ( const label i ) const

Return the implicit expansion source term.

Definition at line 1295 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References phaseModel::index(), Foam::negPart(), sizeGroup::phase(), Foam::posPart(), tmp< T >::ref(), and sizeGroup::x().

Referenced by fractal::correct().

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◆ modelSourceSu()

Foam::tmp< Foam::volScalarField::Internal > modelSourceSu	(	const label	i,
		const UPtrList< const volScalarField > &	flds = `UPtrList<const volScalarField>()`
	)		const

Return the explicit model source source term.

Definition at line 1333 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References Foam::dimless, Foam::dimTime, UPtrList< T >::empty(), Pair< Type >::first(), mesh, dimensioned< Type >::name(), DimensionedField< Type, GeoMesh, PrimitiveField >::New(), rho, and Pair< Type >::second().

Referenced by fractal::correct().

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◆ solve()

void solve ( )

Solve the population balance equation.

Definition at line 1358 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References alpha(), phaseModel::alphaPhi(), Foam::correction(), Foam::fvm::ddt(), Foam::fvm::div(), Foam::endl(), Foam::first(), forAll, phaseModel::index(), Foam::Info, Foam::max(), mesh, Foam::name(), sizeGroup::phase(), fvMatrix< Type >::relax(), phaseModel::residualAlpha(), phaseModel::rho(), rho, fvMatrix< Type >::solve(), Foam::fvm::Sp(), Foam::fvm::SuSp(), and DimensionedField< Type, GeoMesh, PrimitiveField >::weightedAverage().

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◆ correct()

void correct ( )

Correct derived quantities.

Definition at line 1458 of file populationBalanceModel.C.

References IOobject::AUTO_WRITE, phaseModel::d(), Foam::dimLength, Foam::dimless, Foam::dimVelocity, forAllConstIter, IOobject::groupName(), Foam::inv(), Foam::max(), Foam::name(), GeometricField< Type, GeoMesh, PrimitiveField >::New(), IOobject::NO_READ, tmp< T >::ref(), phaseModel::residualAlpha(), phaseModel::U(), and Foam::Zero.

Referenced by populationBalanceModel::populationBalanceModel().

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

applications/modules/multiphaseEuler/populationBalance/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.H
applications/modules/multiphaseEuler/populationBalance/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModel.C
applications/modules/multiphaseEuler/populationBalance/populationBalanceModel/populationBalanceModelI.H

Classes

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ dmdtfTable

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ populationBalanceModel()

◆ ~populationBalanceModel()

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

◆ clone()

◆ writeData()

◆ fluid()

◆ dmdtfs()

◆ expansionDmdtfs()

◆ modelSourceDmdtfs()

◆ mesh()

◆ solverDict()

◆ solveOnFinalIterOnly()

◆ continuousPhase()

◆ sizeGroups() [1/2]

◆ sizeGroups() [2/2]

◆ coalescencePairs()

◆ binaryBreakupPairs()

◆ alphas()

◆ U()

◆ eta() [1/2]

◆ eta() [2/2]

◆ etaV() [1/4]

◆ etaV() [2/4]

◆ etaV() [3/4]

◆ etaV() [4/4]

◆ sigmaWithContinuousPhase()

◆ continuousTurbulence()

◆ Sp()

◆ expansionSu()

◆ expansionSp()

◆ modelSourceSu()

◆ solve()

◆ correct()